28.para-saMshodhana (Post @editing) (@NEXT-@CHAPTER @PREV-@CHAPTER @CONTENTS)

28.1  para-saMshodhana ke stara 
28.2  prathama stara kA para-saMshodhana 
	28.2.1  kriyA meM liMgAdi kA saMshodhana 
	28.2.2  `ne' kA prayoga 
	28.2.3  jo_* kA prayoga 
	28.2.4  `vA' kA prayoga 
	28.2.5  anya mAnya prayoga 
	28.2.6  anAvashyaka aMshoM ko choDanA 
28.3  dvitIya-stara kA para-saMshodhana 
	28.3.1  `EsA' yukta vAkya 
	28.3.2  anya udAHaraNa 


anusAraka @output ko yadi vyAkaraNa va shElI ityAdi kI dRSTi se HindI
pAThakoM ke liye Ora adhika AsAna banAnA HE to mAnavIya saHAyatA se usakA saMshodhana
karanA HogA. cUzki yaHa saMshodhana anusAraka calAne ke bAda usase utpanna @output
meM kiyA jAtA HE, ataZZZ use para-saMshodhana (post-@editing) kaHate HEM.

saMshodhana karane ke liye yaHa Avashyaka HE ki saMshodhanakartA paHale lekha kA bhAva
samajhe. yaHa kaHanA cAHiye ki va paHale pAThaka HE, bAda meM saMshodhanakartAz. ataZZZ
use anusAraka pAThaka ke liye tEyAra kI gayI prashikSaNa sAmagrI kA adhyayana
karanA cAHie. isameM kaI cIjeM HEM: @output paDhane ke liye mArgadarshikA,
srota-bhASA va lakSya bhASA ke mukhya antara, ityAdi.

yaHAz itanA HI kaHanA cAHeMge ki saMshodhanakartA eka bAra pUrNa @output ko binA
ruke paDha jAya. paDhate samaya koSThaka (bracket) `[]' `{}' meM Aye vikalpAdi
ko bhI choDa diyA jAya. unHeM tabhI dekhA jAya jaba baHuta AvashyakatA Ho; arthAta
unHeM dekhe binA artha bilkula bhI samajha meM na A raHA Ho. pUrA @output paDhane
ke bAda HI, saMshodhana kA kArya shurU kiyA jAya.


28.1 para-saMshodhana ke stara ([28.2] [UP])

saMshodhana kaI stara kA Ho sakatA HE. aba Hama unake bAre meM carcA kareMge.

(1) prathama stara kA saMshodhana (vyAkaraNika shuddhikaraNa alpavyaya meM):

isameM moTe tOra para vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se @output ko shuddha kiyA jAtA
HE. jEse liMgAdi kI dRSTi se shuddhikaraNa. isa bAta para visheSa bala diyA jAtA
HE ki shuddhIkaraNa tvarita Ho. bhale HI mUla lekha ke pada va shabda choDane paDe, jaba
taka saMshodhanakartA kI dRSTi meM visheSa arthabheda utpanna na Ho. ataZZZ prathama
stara ke saMshodhana meM samaya yA kImata para dhyAna rakhA jAtA HE, jaba taka mUla lekha
se visheSa artha bheda na Ho.

(2) dvitIya stara kA saMshodhana (vyAkaraNa va shElI meM) :

isameM shElI kI dRSTi se parivartana kiye jAte HEM. ataZZZ isa stara para @output
vyAkaraNika dRSTi se HI shuddha naHI, balki shElI kI dRSTi se bhI ThIka
HotA HE. ise karane ke liye yaHa jarUrI naHIM HE ki saMshodhanakartA kevala prathama
stara ke @output kA HI upayoga kare. vaHa @raw @output va prathama stara ke saMshodhana
donoM kA prayoga kara sakatA HE. icchita guNavattA ke AdhAra para alaga alaga parimANa
kA parishrama va samaya lagAyA jA sakatA HE. ataZZZ isa stara para bhinna-bhinna guNavattA
va prakAra ke @output Ho sakate HEM.

(3) tRtIya stara kA saMshodhana (sAMskRtika va anya dRSTiyoM se) :

isa stara para lekha meM AmUla-cUla parivartana kiyA jA sakatA HE, lakSya bhASA ke
sAMskRtika va anya pariprekSya ko dekhakara. isa saMshodhana ko @transcreation
bhI kaHa sakate HEM. yaHAz Hama isa para Ora carcA naHIM kareMgeM.



28.2 prathama stara kA para-saMshodhana ([28.3] [28.2.1] [28.1] [UP])

paHale kaHA jA cukA HE ki yaHa sastA va tvarita saMshodhana HE jisameM saMshodhanakartA
kI dRSTi se visheSa arthabheda naHIM HonA cAHiye. isake kucha udAHaraNa pesha HEM.



28.2.1 kriyA meM liMgAdi kA saMshodhana ([28.3] [28.2] [28.2.2] [UP])

anusarita kriyA meM srotabhASA kA liMgAdi pradarshita kiyA jAtA HE. saMshodhana
karate samaya lakSya bhASA ke niyamAnusAra usakA liMga-vacana va puruSa badalA jAtA
HE. udAHaraNa ke liye HindI meM kriyA kA liMgAdi kartA para nirbhara karatA
HE yadi usa para parasarga na Ho, anyathA karma para ityAdi. nimnalikhita udAHaraNa HE
liMgAdi ke saMshodhana kA (te = telugu, @hi = anusAraka HindI, saM = saMshodhita):

  te: shivAlayaMlo  sneHitulu    iddaru  kalusukoVnnAru.
 @hi: shivAlaya_meM  mitra_{~na._ba.} do_{loga} milA_[HE|thA]{23_ba.}.
  saM: shivAlaya meM do mitra mile.

isameM kampyUTara bhI saHAyatA kara sakatA HE. udAHaraNa ke liye saMshodhanakartA,
@cursor ko usa saMjFA yA sarvanAma para le jA sakatA HE, jisakA liMgAdi kriyA
ko milanA cAHiye, tathA upayukta kuMjI dabAne para yaHa kArya kampyUTara svayaM
bhI kara sakatA HE. (yadi saMjFA yA sarvanAma kA liMgAdi jFAta naHIM HE taba
kampyUTara ko atirikta saHAyatA kI AvashyakatA HogI.)



28.2.2 `ne' kA prayoga ([28.3] [28.2] [28.2.3] [28.2.1] [UP])

dakSiNa bhAratIya bhASAoM se anusarita HindI meM `ne' parasarga kA abhAva
HogA. vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se yadi kriyA kA kAla-pakSa-vRtti kA @label
`yA' HE jEse ki `khAyA' meM, taba, kartA ke sAtha `ne' kA prayoga
Avashyaka HE (kucha apavAda kriyAoM ko choDakara jEse `gayA') . ataZZZ prathama stara
ke saMshodhana meM AvashyakatAnusAra `ne' laganA cAHiye. udAHaraNa:-

  te: pilla A  mATalu  nammiMdi.
 @hi: baccI vaHa_ bAta{ba.} vishvAsa_kiyA_[HE|thA]{3_~pu._e.}.
  saM: baccI ne una bAtoM para vishvAsa kiyA.



28.2.3 jo_* kA prayoga ([28.3] [28.2] [28.2.4] [28.2.2] [UP])

jEsA ke paHale vistAra se batAyA gayA HE, telagu anusAra HindI meM, 'jo'
ke sAtha vibhakti ke sthAna para '*' lagA HuA HotA HE (dekheM:- bhASAI-setu).

  te.: rAmuDu  tinina           camacA veVMDidi
 @hi.: rAma_ne  khAyA_HE_jo_*_vaHa_ cammaca cAMdI_kA

upayukta vibhakti kA cunAva, saMdarbha dekhakara saMshodhaka dvArA kiyA jAnA cAHiye.

  Hi.: rAma_ne  khAyA_HE_jisase_vaHa_ cammaca cAMdI_kA HE.



28.2.4 `vA' kA prayoga ([28.3] [28.2] [28.2.5] [28.2.3] [UP])

telugu anusAra HindI meM `vA' kA prayoga HE, jo saMskRta ko dRSTi meM
rakhakara banAyA gayA HE. udAHaraNa ke liye :-

  te: neno  nuvvo  udyogaM    ceVyyAli.
 @hi: mujhe_vA_ tuma_vA_ ^nOkarI  karanA_cAHie.
  saM: mujhe yA tumHe nOkarI karanI cAHie.

prathama stara ke saMshodhana meM `vA' HaTAkara `yA' lagA diyA jAnA cAHiye. paraMtu
`bhI' kA prayoga dvitIya stara ke saMshodhana ke liye choDA jA sakatA HE, jEse:-

   te:  rAmuDU lakSmaNuDU
  @hi: rAma_bhI lakSmaNa_bhI

yaHa isaliye kyoMki HindI meM 'bhI' kA prayoga HE, tathA yaHAz para artha shAyada
spaSTa HE. jabaki 'vA' kA HindI meM prayoga naHIM HE, use saMskRta se liyA
gayA HE. ataZZZ jisa pAThaka ko saMskRta 'vA' kA patA naHIM HE, vaHa bhI 
ise paDha sake.



28.2.5 anya mAnya prayoga ([28.3] [28.2] [28.2.6] [28.2.4] [UP])

cUMki paHale saMshodhana meM samaya va vyaya para bala HE, ataZZZ kucha Ora prayoga HE,
jo shElI kI dRSTi se baHuta acche naHIM HEM, parantu aparivartita rakhe jA
sakate HEM. udAHaraNa:-

  @hi: mujhe`
   saM: mujha_ko



28.2.6 anAvashyaka aMshoM ko choDanA ([28.3] [28.2] [28.2.5] [UP])

kabhI kabhI tvarita kArya ke liye, Ese shabdoM va padoM ko choDA jA sakatA HE,
jinake saMshodhana meM samaya lagatA HE. paraMtu yaHa tabhI kiyA jAya jaba saMshodhaka kI dRSTi
meM artha bheda utpanna naHIM Ho. isake antargata Ane vAlI cIjeM, saMdarbha va 
saMshodhanakartA kI samajha para nirbhara kareMge. yaHAz kucha udAHaraNa diye gaye HE: -

paHalA udAHaraNa HE eka kaHAnI kA jisameM mAnava ke jFAna ko samasta jFAna ke
samakSa muTThI bhara dhUla ke samAna batAyA gayA HE, jabaki samasta jFAna eka parvata
ke samAna vishAla HE:-

  te: "atyalpaM. polcanaMta	 takkuva!"
 @hi: "atyalpa.naHIM_tulanA_kiyA_HuA_utanA kama_!"
 saM1: "atyalpa."
 saM2: "atyalpa. nagaNya!" (yA "atyalpa. atulya!")

yaHAz agara dUsare pada ke liye ucita shabda na mileM to use choDA jA sakatA
HE (saM1 meM). kyoMki isase artha bheda utpanna naHIM HotA HE. (dUsare stara ke
saMshodhana meM `atulya' rakhA jA sakatA HE, paraMtu beHatara HogA `nagaNya'
(saM2. meM).)



28.3 dvitIya-stara kA para-saMshodhana ([28.3.1] [28.2] [UP])

dvitIya stara para @output ko shElI kI dRSTi se HindI pAThaka ke liye upayukta
banAyA jAtA HEM. isake antargata bhinna-bhinna guNavattA ke @output tEyAra
kiye jA sakate HEM. bhinna bhinna pAThakoM kI AvashyakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara,
bhinna-bhinna @output tEyAra kiye jA sakate HE. aba lete HEM kucha saMracanAoM
ke udAHaraNa.



28.3.1 `EsA' yukta vAkya ([28.3] [28.3.2] [UP])

dakSiNa bhAratIya bhASAoM se anusarita HindI meM `ki' ke sthAna para `EsA'
vinyAsa ke vAkya HoMge. HindI meM `EsA' kA prayoga galata naHIM HE, parantu
baHuta kama pracalana meM HE. ataZZZ shElI kI dRSTi se inako badalA jA sakatA HE.

  te: talli koppaDDadi.		        A pani  ceVyyavaddu + ani.
 @hi: mAz  gussA_Ho_gayA_[HE|thA]{3_~pu._e.}. vaHa_ kAma mata_kara + EsA_[*_kara].
  saM2: mAz ne DAzTA ki vaHa kAma mata kara.



28.3.2 anya udAHaraNa ([28.3] [28.3.1] [UP])

anuccheda meM kaHA jA cukA HE ki prathama stara ke saMshodhana meM badalane kI
AvashyakatA naHIM HE. dvitIya stara ke saMshodhana meM unako badalA jA sakatA HE.

  te:  rAmuDU lakSmaNuDU
 @hi: rAma_bhI lakSmaNa_bhI
  saM: rAma Ora lakSmaNa

  te: nAku
 @hi: mere_ko`
  saM: mujhako


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