24.anusAraka @Output meM prayukta ciHna praNAlI   (@NEXT-@CHAPTER @PREV-@CHAPTER @CONTENTS)

24.1  bhUmikA 
24.2   ciHna va unake artha 
	24.2.1  shabda-samUHa va shabda meM vikalpa 
	24.2.10  ciHna '$' : shakti graHa ke liye 
	24.2.2   ciHna '-': AkAMkSA dyotaka 
	24.2.3  ciHna '{', '}': atirikta sUcanA (comments) 
	24.2.4  ciHna '^': dhyAna AkarSaNa Hetu 
	24.2.5  ciHna '{^}', '{@v}' : sakArAtmakatA va nakArAtmakatA bodhaka 
	24.2.6  ciHna '<', '>' : bIja artha Ora usase pallavita artha 
	24.2.7  ciHna '@' : aMgrejI shabda  
	24.2.8  ciHna '*' : sUcanA kA pAThaka dvArA anumAna  
	24.2.9  ciHna `: artha bhinnatA ke liye 


24.1 bhUmikA ([24.2] [UP])

yaHAz Hama anusAraka ke @output meM prayoga meM Ane vAle cinHoM ko
dekheMge. ina cinHoM dvArA aneka sUcanAeM pAThaka ko dI jA sakatI HEM.
kucha cinHoM ke upayoga se sUcanAeM jyAdA saMkSipta rUpa meM dI jA
sakatI HEM. 



24.2  ciHna va unake artha ([24.2.1] [24.1] [UP])


24.2.1 shabda-samUHa va shabda meM vikalpa ([24.2] [24.2.2] [UP])

eka se adhika shabdoM ko vikalpa ke rupa meM prastuta karane ke do tarIkeM
HEM:- '/' yA []. udAHaraNa:- 

  mAmI/buA,      samaya[pAva]

inameM se koI bhI tarIkA prayoga meM lAyA jA sakatA HE. paraMtu yadi do yA
do se adhika shabda-samUHoM meM vikalpa ko prastuta karanA HE to '/'
ko prayoga meM lAnA HogA, jEse:-

  kaHa_kara/kisa_dina,

jaba do yA adhika vEkalpika shabda-samUHoM ke kucha bhAgoM meM HI antara HE,
to '[]' ke prayoga se use jyAdA saMkSipta rUpa meM likhA jA sakatA HE.
jEse:- 

  naHIM_lagA/naHIM_caDhA  =>   naHIM_lagA[caDhA]

aba Hama eka-eka karake ina cinHoM ko dekheMge.


---- ciHna '/' : shabda-samUHoM meM vikalpa

udAHaraNa :-

(i) mAmI/buA    =      'mAmI' yA 'buA' meM se eka vikalpa
(ii) kholA/khulA   =      'kholA' yA 'khulA'
(iii) kaHa_kara/kisa_dina   =  'kaHa_kara' yA 'kisa_dina' 

---- ciHna '[', ']': shabda kA vikalpa shabda-samUHa se 
      (eka shabda-samUHa kA vikalpa, usameM dUsarA shabda-samUHa joDakara)

udAHaraNa :-
  (i) samaya[pAva_kA/pAzva_kA] = 'samaya' yA 'pAva_kA' yA 'pAzva_kA'
  (ii) naHIM_lagA[caDhA] = 'naHIM_lagA' yA naHIM_caDhA"

shabda-samUHa 'naHI_lagA' meM, 'lagA' shabda kA vikalpa 'caDhA' dvArA diyA gayA
HE. ataZZZ '[]' ke prayoga se eka shabda-samUHa meM prayukta shabda kA vikalpa diyA
jA sakatA HE. (binA isake, anya sabhI shabdoM ko dubArA likhanA paDegA.)

---- ciHna '[', ']' : shUnya kA vikalpa shabda-samUHa se 
      (eka shabda-samUHa kA vikalpa, usameM dUsarA shabda-samUHa joDakara)

udAHaraNa :-
  (i) AtA_[thA]     =  'AtA' yA 'AtA_thA'
  (ii) potA_[HuA]  =  'potA' yA 'potA_HuA'

yAda rakhane ke liye ise isa taraHa samajheM :-
          AtA_[thA]   = AtA_0[thA]  (0 arthAt_ shUnya)
  ata:-    AtA_[thA]   = AtA_0 yA AtA_thA
  antata:- AtA_0  =  AtA_ = AtA

---- ciHnoM meM varIyatA krama (precedence): '[', '_', '/'

udAHaraNa :-
  (i) HuA[raHA]_[thA/HE] = 'HuA' yA 'HuA_thA' yA 'HuA_HE' yA
                       'raHA' yA 'raHA_thA' yA 'raHA_HE'

ise Hama do caraNoM meM likha sakate HEM:
  (a) HuA[raHA]_[thA/HE] = 'HuA_[thA/HE]' yA 'raHA_[thA/HE]'
                        
  (ba)  HuA_[thA/HE] = 'HuA_thA' yA 'HuA_HE' yA 'HuA_'
       raHA_[thA/HE] = 'raHA_thA' yA 'raHA_HE' yA 'raHA_'
ataZZZ,
  HuA[raHA]_[thA/HE] = 'HuA_thA' yA 'HuA_HE' yA 
                    'raHA_thA' yA 'raHA_HE' yA 
                    'HuA' yA 'raHA'



24.2.2  ciHna '-': AkAMkSA dyotaka ([24.2] [24.2.3] [24.2.1] [UP])

udAHaraNa:-
 	vaHa-  = 'vaHa' kA visheSaNa rUpa

dhyAna deM :-
  (i) vaHa laDakA pAThashAlA jA raHA HEM. ('vaHa' visheSaNa rUpa meM)
  (ii) vaHa pAThashAlA jA raHA HE. ('vaHa' visheSaNa rUpa meM naHI)
ata:- (1) meM 'vaHa' ko 'vaHa-' meM likhA jAnA ucita HE
sarvanAma ke liye likhA jAnA cAHiye: vaHa`.


24.2.3 ciHna '{', '}': atirikta sUcanA (comments) ([24.2] [24.2.4] [24.2.2] [UP])

---- ciHna '{', '}': saHAyaka sUcanA

udAHaraNa :-
  (i) laDakA{ba.}   =   'laDakA' kA baHuvacana
     (dhyAna deM : HindI meM 'laDake' likhane se yaHa spaSTa naHIM HEM ki yaHa 
     ekavacana HE yA baHuvacana:- 'jEse eka laDake ne prashna pUchA'.)

  (ii) gira{na.}    =   'gira' napuMsaka liMga ke sAtha
                   (HindI meM napuMsaka liMga HE HI naHI)
  (iii) ...

---- ciHna '{+}': atirikta sUcanA mAzgane-para

    ka{...}{+} = 'ka' se saMbaMdhita atirikta sUcanA upalabdha HE. use dekhane 
                 ke liye ucita kuMjI (key) dabAeM.

---- ciHna '{@Z}' : shabda-samUHa ke aMta meM svara kA dIrgha HonA

{@Z} kA artha HE shrota bhASA meM shabda ke atiMma svara ko dIrgha kiyA gayA HE.
svara dIrgha vibhinna kAraNoM se kiyA jAtA HE. jEse:- saMbodhana karane ke liye,
'bhI' artha meM, prashnavAcaka, ityAdi. paraMtu iname se kOna sA artha upayukta
HE, isakA anumAna pAThaka ko lagAnA HogA, kyoMki mashIna ke liye yaHa abhI
saMbhava naHI HE.

udAHaraNa :
  (i)  tAlUkU
       saMbaMdhita{tAlluka}{@Z}

Upara '{@Z}', 'tAlUku' meM 'ku' ko 'kU' karane se AyA HE, tathA pAThaka dvArA
anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA HE ki yaHAz isakA artha 'bhI' HE.
  saMbaMdhita{tAlluka}_bhI



24.2.4 ciHna '^': dhyAna AkarSaNa Hetu ([24.2] [24.2.5] [24.2.3] [UP])

	^ka = paryAya shabda 'ka' HE, paraMtu Upara bhI dekheM.

udAHaraNa:- 
  (i)  udyogAla
       ^nOkarI_{ba.}
       paryAya shabda 'nOkarI' HE, paraMtu Upara bhI dekheM.
  (ii)  tAlUkU
        saMbaMdhita{^tAlluka}{@Z}



24.2.5 ciHna '{^}', '{@v}' : sakArAtmakatA va nakArAtmakatA bodhaka ([24.2] [24.2.6] [24.2.4] [UP])

	{^} : sakArAtmaka artha meM prayukta
 	{@v} : nakArAtmaka artha meM prayukta

udAHaraNa:- ....
  (i) lAMchana{^}  = 'lAMchana' kA prayoga acche artha meM HE, jEse :-
                   unako vIra-cakra se lAMchita{^} kiyA gayA.



24.2.6 ciHna '<', '>' : bIja artha Ora usase pallavita artha ([24.2] [24.2.7] [24.2.5] [UP])

  (i) ka[kha] =  bIja artha 'ka' paraMtu kabhI-kabhI pallavita artha 'kha' bhI 
                upayukta Ho sakatA HE
	
prathama ciHna (i) kA upayoga taba kiyA jAtA HEM,jaba pracalita shabda rUDhi bana cukA
HE. (use paHale likhA jA raHA HE paraMtu uddeshya HE bIja artha bhI pAThaka taka 
paHuMcAnA.)

dvitIya ciHna (ii) kA prayoga taba kiyA jAtA HE jaba bIja artha dvArA pAThaka ko 
shabda kI shakti kA bodha karavAnA HEM. (pAThaka kI saralatA ke liye pracalita shabda
bAda meM diyA jA raHA HE, parantu vaHa sabhI saMdarbhoM meM ucita naHI HEM.)
(udAHaraNa ke liye dekheM:- anusAraka shabda-kosha.)



24.2.7 ciHna '@' : aMgrejI shabda  ([24.2] [24.2.8] [24.2.6] [UP])

udAHaraNa:- @house, @house_@boat



24.2.8 ciHna '*' : sUcanA kA pAThaka dvArA anumAna  ([24.2] [24.2.9] [24.2.7] [UP])

udAHaraNa :
  (i)   vaHa_*  =  'vaHa' ke sAtha upayukta parasarga ityAdi
                 pAThaka dvArA lagAyA jAya (saMdarbha dekhakara).
                 jEse, 'ko' lagAne para:- 'usako'.

  (ii)  khAyA_HE_jo_*_vaHa_bartana dho DAlo = khAyA_HE_jisameM_vaHa_bartana dho DAlo
              (agara kaHAnI ke saMdarbhAnusAra ucita HE to 'meM' lagAyA jAya.)


24.2.9 ciHna `: artha bhinnatA ke liye ([24.2] [24.2.10] [24.2.8] [UP])

udAHaraNa :
     ko` = 'ko' caturthI vibhakti ke rUpa meM (sampradAna ke liye)

(HindI meM 'ko' do vibhaktiyoM ke liye AtA HE: dvitIyA va caturthI.
telugu meM dvitIyA va caturthI ke liye alaga alaga shabda/rUpima HEM.
ataZZZ anusAraka @output meM ye visheSa ciHna (`) kI saHAyatA se
bhinna rUpa meM pradarshita kiye jAte HE. 'ko`' caturthI pradarshita karatA HE.


24.2.10 ciHna '$' : shakti graHa ke liye ([24.2] [24.2.9] [UP])
	 {$} 
    	


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