46.anuvAda va anusaraNa  (@NEXT-@CHAPTER @PREV-@CHAPTER @CONTENTS)

46.1  anuvAda:- paribhASA 
46.2  udAHaraNa 
46.3  anusaraNa:- paribhASA 

(isa lekha ko do HissoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA cukA HE: 'anuvAda:- paribhASA'
tathA 'anusaraNa:- paribhASA'. yaHAz para ina donoM HissoM ko abhI bhI sAtha rakhA
HuA HE.)



46.1 anuvAda:- paribhASA ([46.2] [UP])

anuvAda vaHa prakriyA HEM jisake dvArA eka bhASA meM likhita lekha ko dUsarI
bhASA meM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA jAtA HE, jisase ki usameM bhAva va racanA
kI yathAsaMbhava samAnatA Ho. anuvAda karate samaya do paraspara virodhI bhAvoM ke
bIca kArya karanA paDatA HE: (1) vishvasanIyatA va (2) saralatA. vishvasanIyatA
se abhiprAya HE srota-bhASA meM likhita mUla lekha ke prati vishvasanIyatA, va
saralatA arthAta lakSya bhASA ke pAThaka ke liye saralatA. anuvAdita lekha meM
ina donoM bhAvoM ke bIca kisa prakAra kA saMtulana bEThAyA jAya, yaHa isa bAta para
nirbhara karatA HE ki anuvAda kisa uddeshya se kiyA jA raHA HE. ataZZZ koI
eka sarva-upayukta anuvAda naHI HotA. yadi uddeshya HE ki pAThaka anuvAdita
lekha ko baHuta AsAnI se Ese rUpa meM paDha sake jisakA vaHa Adi HE, to anuvAda
karate samaya aneka parivartana karane paDa sakate HEM. yaHAz taka ki paristhitiyAz va
udAHaraNa HI naHI, parivesha ko bhI badalanA paDa sakatA HE. isakA phala HogA ki mUla
pATha se vishvasanIyatA meM kamI. isake viparIta yadi vishvasanIyatA Avashyaka HE
to anuvAdita lekha meM una sArI bAtoM ko lAne kA prayAsa karanA pafegA jo
ki mUla lekha meM HEM. Ese lekha meM saralatA meM kamI HogI tathA paDhane meM pAThaka
ko kucha shrama karanA paDa sakatA HE. adhikAMsha Ama anuvAdoM meM saralatA 
ko prAthamikatA dI jAtI HE.



46.2 udAHaraNa ([46.3] [46.1] [UP])

HindI kI eka kaHAnI kA shIrSaka HE `usane kaHA thA'. kaHAnI ke
aMta meM patA calatA HE ki `usane' eka strI ke liye prayukta HuA HE yA
puruSa ke liye. agara isa shIrSaka ko aMgrejI meM prastuta kiyA jAya to
mushkila yaHa HE ki usake sAtha liMga svataZZZ HI laga jAtA HE kyoMki donoM
ke liye alaga-alaga shabda HEM (he tathA @she). arthAta HindI meM sarvanAma
ke sAtha liMga naHIM lagatA jabaki aMgrejI meM puruSAvAcI sarvanAma meM use
lagAnA Avashyaka HE. jaba mUla pATha meM (srota bhASA meM) liMga pradarshita HI
naHIM kiyA gayA HE, to usako lakSya bhASA meM pradarshita karane se sUcanA
kI draSTi se samAnatA naHIM raHegI.

EsI paristhiti meM, anuvAda meM vishvasanIyatA ko choDanA paDatA HE tathA
anuvAdaka apanI sRjanashIlatA kA upayoga karate Hue kisI anya bAta ke mAdhyama
se pAThaka para vaHI prabhAva lAne kA prayAsa karatA HE. udAHaraNArtha uparokta
shIrSaka ko badala kara anuvAdaka aMgrejI meM likha sakatA HE `@Who @said @it'
(kisane kaHA thA). @FOOTNOTE{kucha vidvAnoM kA kaHanA HE ki anuvAda asaMbhava
HE. uparokta udAHaraNa yaHa prastuta karatA HE ki eka dRSTi se yaHa bAta saca
HE. arthAta anuvAda meM kucha Hada taka vishvasanIyatA ko choDanA paDatA HE.}



46.3 anusaraNa:- paribhASA ([46.2] [UP])

anusaraNa vaHa prakriyA HE jisake dvArA mUla lekha meM niHita sabhI sUcanAez
anusarita lekha meM lAI jAtI HEM, tathA inake atirikta Ora koI sUcanA usameM
sammilita naHIM kI jAtI. ataZZZ yaHa kaHA jA sakatA HE ki mUla lekha va anusarita
lekha, sUcanA kI dRSTi se sarvathA samAna HEM. isameM mushkila yaHa HE ki
yaHa kArya pratyeka srota va lakSya bhASA ke liye kara pAnA saMbhava naHIM HE,
kyoMki kucha sUcanAeM jo srota bhASA ke lekha meM naHIM HEM, lakSya bhASA
meM prastuta karanI paDa sakatIM HEM, ityAdi. AvashyakatA paDane para lakSya bhASA 
ke sthAna para usase milatI-julatI eka kRtrima bhASA ko lakSya bhASA mAnA jA
sakatA HE.

Hamane abhI abhI yaHa dekhA HE ki eka bhASA meM likhita shabda, vAkya yA lekha
meM kisI sUcanA kA abhAva Ho sakatA HE jise kisI anya bhASA meM parokSa
rUpa se prastuta karanA Avashyaka HE (dekheM:- bhASA dvArA sUcanA kI @coding).
ataZZZ savAla yaHa uThatA HE ki anusaraNa meM yaHa kEse saMbhava Ho sakatA HE ki eka lekha
va usake anusarita lekha meM sUcanA ekadama barAbara Ho (arthAta vishvasanIyatA shata
pratishata Ho). isakA uttara yaHa HE ki yadi dI HuI lakSya bhASA se milatI
julatI eka Ora bhASA ko lakSya bhASA mAna liyA jAya jisameM srota bhASA
ke kaI guNa HEM, to yaHa saMbhava HE. yaHa naI lakSya bhASA eka prAkRtika bhASA
na Hokara eka kRtrima bhASA bhI Ho sakatI HE, jisameM eka ora srota bhASA ke
guNa HoMge, to dUsarI ora vaHa lakSya bhASA ke bhASI dvArA AsAnI se sIkhI
jA sakegI. udAHaraNa ke liye HindI se anusarita aMgrejI meM liMga raHita
paruSavAcaka sarvanAma HogA. udAHaraNArtha :- (s/@he). isa taraHa kI samasta cIjoM
ke liye, soca samajhakara eka ciHnAvalI ko tEyAra kiyA jA sakatA HE.

anusarita lekha ko mUla lekha kI chAyA (image) kaHA jA sakatA HE. anusAraka
eka kEmare ke samAna HE, jo kisI vastu kI chAyA-prati (photograph) banA
sakatA HE. yA yaHa bhI kaHa sakate HEM ki anusarita pATha meM mUla kI gandha HogI.
anuvAdaka eka citrakAra ke samAna HE, jo kisI vastu ko dekhakara use apane
@interpretation ke anusAra citrita karatA HE. anuvAda meM sRjanashIlatA HE,
to anusaraNa meM vishvasanIyatA.


Index Anusaaraka HOME PAGE