..........................................NEXT PREVIOUS INDEX
 

 L01 GrmFrm: Dependency trees: Modifier-modified trees


      Dependency Trees: Modifier-modified Trees

o  We have seen nouns and verbs. (More exactly, nominal expressions and
   action verbs.) 
    - How do we show relationships amongst them in a sentence ?
      In other words, how do we show the meaning of a sentence ?
    * Modifier-modified trees are used to represent the meaning of
      sentences. Major types given below.

o  MODIFICATION OF NOUN - INTRACHUNK (1):

-  ADJ-NOUN MODIFICATION (WITH NOUN AS HEAD) (1.1):
   
   +  Expression: red block
   +  Representation:
   
        block
         |
         | nmod [intra-chunk]
         |
        red

      -  'block' is the head or the modified
      -  'red' an adjective is its modifier
      -  'nmod' or noun modification is a type of 
           modification (by an adjective here)
   
-  NOUN-NOUN MODIFICATION (1.2):
   
   +  Expr: oil pump
   +  Repr: 
   
        pump
         |
         | nmod [intra-chunk]
         |
        oil
   
      -  'pump' is the head or the modified
      -  'oil' is a noun and is its modifier
      -  'nmod' or noun modification is a type of 
           modification (by a noun here)

o  NOUN-VERB MODIFICATION (WITH NOUN AS ARGUMENT OF VERB) (2):
    - This is the usual case, where noun is an argument or
      participant in the action denoted by the verb.

    +  Expr: He lifted the red block
    +  Repr:

             lift
              |
              |
         .----------.
varg__k1 |          | varg__k2
         |          |
        he        block
                    |  nmod [intra-chunk]
                    |
                   red

  -  'he' is argument of 'lift', 
  -  'red block' is also an argument of 'lift'.
  -  k1 means doer/karta, k2 means patient/karma


o  VERB-VERB MODIFICATION WITH VERB AS ARGUMENT (3):

    +  Expr: The robot said that he lifted the red block
    +  Repr:

          say [PAST]
             |
             |
         .--------.
      k1 |        | k2
         |        |
       robot    lift [PAST]
                  |
             .---------.
          k1 |         | k2
             |         |
            he        block
                       | nmod [intra-chunk]
                       |
                      red

     - 'lift' action is the karma/patient of 'say'

--------------------------------------------
* Types of relations for verb modification

            vmod
            /  \
           /    \
          /      \
       varg       vad
       /\..\      |..\
      /  \  \     |   \
     /    \..\    | .. \
    k1    k2  kx  timep purpose

  - vmod stands for varg or vad
  - varg stands for any of the karakas
  * More explicit way of writing:
      k1 --> varg__k1
      kx stands for a karaka other than k1, k2, k4.
--------------------------------------------

o  VERB-NOUN MODIFICATION (WITH NOUN AS HEAD) (4):

-  PARTICIPLES (VERBAL ADJECTIVES) (4.1):
   
   +  Expr: The running deer
   +  Repr:
   
        deer
         |
         |  nmod [k1-INV]
         |
       running
   
     -  nmod means that a noun is being modified
          (Here, verb modifies a noun)
     -  Here 'deer' is k1 of 'run'. (Written as k1-INVerse)
   
   +  Expr: The eaten apple
   +  Repr:
   
       apple
         |
         | nmod [k2-INV]
         |
        eat

     -  Here 'apple' is k2 of 'eat'. (Written as k2-INVerse)
   
-  RELATIVE CLAUSE (4.2):
   
   +  Expr: The deer who ran from the river bank.
   +  Repr:
   
        deer
         |
         | nmod [k1-INV]
         |
        run[PAST]
         |
         | k5
         |
        bank
         |
         | nmod
         |
        river

o  VERB-VERB MODIFICATION (5):

    +  Expr: Having grasped the block, the robot placed it on the table.
    +  Repr:

               place
                 |
         .------.-----.-------.
         |      |     |       |
  vad    |      |k1   | k2    | k7-on
  __timep|      |     |       |
         |    robot  it     table
       grasp
         |
         | k2
         |
       block

   - 'vad' or v-adjunct shows that 'grasp' modifies 'place'.
   - 'timep' says that grasp-action precedes
     placing-action.


o  VERBAL NOUN AS ARGUMENT OF A VERB (6):

    +  Expr: Ram did not like robot's picking up of the block.
    +  Repr:

       not-like
          |
          |
     .---------.
  k1 |         | k2
     |         |
   Ram        pick [INF]
               |
          .----------.
       k1 |          | k2
          |          |
        robot      block

    -  Contrast with (3). Ex.: 
         Ram did not like that robot picked up the block.

..........................................NEXT PREVIOUS INDEX